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Background Experimental studies have shown that radiofrequency electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones can cause adverse effects on male reproductive health, including decreased semen quality and altered sex hormones. However, the results of epidemiological studies on the relationship between mobile phone use and male semen quality are inconsistent. Furthermore, there are few epidemiological studies on the association of mobile phone use with sex hormones. Objective To explore the associations of mobile phone use with male semen quality and sex hormones. Methods A total of 2045 men visited the reproductive medicine center of a hospital in Wuhan and ordered infertility examination were recruited from December 2018 to January 2020. Information on mobile phone use was obtained using a questionnaire. Among them, 1232 and 1694 men were eligible for semen quality analyses and sex hormone analyses, respectively. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of mobile phone use with male semen quality and sex hormones. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, there was no statistically significant associations of mobile phone use with sperm progressive motility, sperm total motility, sperm concentration, sperm count, or serum luteinizing hormone (P>0.05). However, serum total testosterone showed a declined tendency with increasing daily duration of mobile phone use (Ptrend=0.08). Compared with men with daily mobile phone use of 0-2 h, men with daily mobile phone use of 2.1-5, 5.1-8, and >8 h showed decreased serum total testosterone concentrations by 6.29% (95%CI: 0.40%-11.84%), 6.01% (95%CI: 0.60%-12.19%), and 7.87% (95%CI: 0.40%-14.79%), respectively. Conclusion Mobile phone use is not associated with male semen quality and serum luteinizing hormone, but increasing daily duration of mobile phone use is potentially associated with a tendency to lower male serum total testosterone.
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Objective:To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis ethanol extract(GUEE) on the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and the adjuvant effect of GUEE on OVA in na?ve BALB/c mice and an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model. Methods:GUEE was prepared, and the effects of different concentrations of GUEE on the maturation of DCs and the secreted cytokines as well as the effects of GUEE on bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DC maturation were examined in vitro. The effect of GUEE on the morphology of mouse bone marrow derived DCs was observed using microscopy. Molecular expression levels on the surface of DCs were detected using flow cytometry. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant of DCs cultures were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The maturation status of DCs was detected by flow cytometry by injecting different concentrations of GUEE into the paws of mice and isolating the draining lymph nodes 24 h later. The naive BALB/c mice were co-immunized with OVA, and the changes in regulatory T cells (Treg) were detected by flow cytometry. An OVA-protein-induced mouse asthma model was established to investigate whether GUEE as a tolerogenic adjuvant has an antigen-specific therapeutic effect on asthmatic mice. Pulmonary pathological changes were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and PAS staining. OVA-specific antibodies in serum and the frequencies of Tregs, CD4 + IFN-γ + and CD4 + IL-4 + T cells in the spleen were detected by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Results:GUEE suppressed DCs maturation induced by LPS both in vitro and in vivo (all P<0.05), and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in the absence or presence of LPS (all P<0.05). Moreover, co-immunization with OVA and GUEE increased the amount of Tregs in na?ve BALB/c mice ( P<0.05). In OVA-induced asthmatic mice, OVA and GUEE co-immunization and GUEE alone treatment substantially ameliorated the inflammation of lung tissues, decreased the levels of IgG 1 and the amount of CD4 + IL-4 + T cells, and increased the amount of Tregs (all P<0.05). Conclusions:GUEE alone or as the tolerogenic adjuvant can ameliorate allergic diseases through inhibition of DC maturation and type 2 helper T cell responses and induction of Tregs.
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Background@#Bovine group A rotavirus (BoRVA) is a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in newborn dairy calves. Only one study has investigated the G and P genotypes among dairy calves in a few regions of China, which were G6 and P[5]. Therefore, data on the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BoRVA in dairy calves in China remains limited. @*Objectives@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BoRVA in dairy calves in China. @*Methods@#269 dairy calves diarrheic samples from 23 farms in six provinces in China were collected to detect BoRVA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. @*Results@#71% of samples were determined to be BoRVA-positive. Two G genotypes (G6, G10) and two P genotypes (P[1], P[5]) were identified, and G6P[1] BoRVA was the predominant strain. Moreover, the VP7 and VP4 gene sequences of these dairy calf BoRVA strains revealed abundant genetic diversity. Interestingly, eight out of 17 complete G6 VP7 sequences were clustered into G6 lineage VI and analysis showed the strains were closely related to Chinese yak BoRVA strains. @*Conclusions@#The results of this study show that BoRVA circulates widely among dairy calves in China, and the dominant genotype in circulation is G6P[1], first report on molecular characteristics of complete P[5] VP4 genes in chinese dairy calves. These results will help us to further understand the prevalence and genetic evolution of BoRVA among dairy calves in China and, thus, prevent the disease more effectively.
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Objective:Based on the clinical indicators of severe community-acquired pneumonia in emergency department, the early warning indicators of critical condition were constructed.Methods:The general information, vital signs before entering ICU, laboratory indexes and the survival rate in 30 days of 118 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were retrospectively collected in the emergency care unit of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January to December 2018. The indexes of death patients (24 cases) and alive patients (98 cases) underwent comparative analysis, using ROC curve to predict the clinical outcome and reliable parameters of emergency patients with community-acquired pneumonia. The best cutoff value was determined according to Youden index and then undergoing multiple factors Logistic stepwise regression analysis. Then early warning model of critical degree was finally built.Results:Eleven indicators were used to predict the criticality of patients with acute community-acquired pneumonia, including AVPU (alert, voice, pain, unresponsive) score, Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS), heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2), fraction of inspiration O 2, oxygenation index,potential of hydrogen, blood potassium (K +), bilirubin, urea nitrogen, and C reactive protein, the optimal cutoff values were 2 points, 8 points, 91 times per minute, 0.94, 41%, 81.20%, 7.38, 4.0 mmol/L, 10.90 μmol/L, 2.23 mmol/L, and 41.5 mg/L. Multiple Logistic stepwise regression showed that the independent factors for predicting death were GCS score, SpO 2 and urea nitrogen, and the predictive ability of the early-warning model was 83.7%. Conclusions:GCS score, SpO 2 and urea nitrogen are effective early warning indicators for the severity of severe community-acquired pneumonia in emergency department, which are conducive to the rapid and efficient early identification and treatment of critically ill patients. Therefore, they are worthy of promotion and application in clinical practice.
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Background@#Bovine group A rotavirus (BoRVA) is a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in newborn dairy calves. Only one study has investigated the G and P genotypes among dairy calves in a few regions of China, which were G6 and P[5]. Therefore, data on the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BoRVA in dairy calves in China remains limited. @*Objectives@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BoRVA in dairy calves in China. @*Methods@#269 dairy calves diarrheic samples from 23 farms in six provinces in China were collected to detect BoRVA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. @*Results@#71% of samples were determined to be BoRVA-positive. Two G genotypes (G6, G10) and two P genotypes (P[1], P[5]) were identified, and G6P[1] BoRVA was the predominant strain. Moreover, the VP7 and VP4 gene sequences of these dairy calf BoRVA strains revealed abundant genetic diversity. Interestingly, eight out of 17 complete G6 VP7 sequences were clustered into G6 lineage VI and analysis showed the strains were closely related to Chinese yak BoRVA strains. @*Conclusions@#The results of this study show that BoRVA circulates widely among dairy calves in China, and the dominant genotype in circulation is G6P[1], first report on molecular characteristics of complete P[5] VP4 genes in chinese dairy calves. These results will help us to further understand the prevalence and genetic evolution of BoRVA among dairy calves in China and, thus, prevent the disease more effectively.
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Pediatric cough is a heterogeneous condition in terms of symptoms and the underlying disease mechanisms. Symptom phenotypes hold complicated interactions between each other to form an intricate network structure. This study aims to investigate whether the network structure of pediatric cough symptoms is associated with the prognosis and outcome of patients. A total of 384 cases were derived from the electronic medical records of a highly experienced traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physician. The data were divided into two groups according to the therapeutic effect, namely, an invalid group (group A with 40 cases of poor efficacy) and a valid group (group B with 344 cases of good efficacy). Several well-established analysis methods, namely, statistical test, correlation analysis, and complex network analysis, were used to analyze the data. This study reports that symptom networks of patients with pediatric cough are related to the effectiveness of treatment: a dense network of symptoms is associated with great difficulty in treatment. Interventions with the most different symptoms in the symptom network may have improved therapeutic effects.
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Objective:To compare the efficacy of HES 130/0.4 and acetate Ringer′s solution (A-HES) and HES 130/0.4 and normal saline (NS-HES) for volume therapy in the patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery with general anesthesia.Methods:Two hundred and fifty American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-32 kg/m 2, undergoing noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia, were divided into group A-HES and group NS-HES using the stratified block randomization technique.A-HES and NS-HES 15 ml/kg were intravenously infused over 1 h immediately after induction of anesthesia in A-HES and NS-HES groups, respectively.Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and central venous pressure (CVP) were recorded before and after infusion, and the maximum changing rate of MAP and HR and the maximum change in CVP were calculated.The pH value, BE and HCO 3- were recorded before infusion and at 15 min after the end of infusion, and Hb, Hct, electrolytes, blood glucose, blood biochemical parameters and parameters of coagulation function were measured.The occurrence of abnormal blood biochemical parameters, blood glucose, and parameters of coagulation function, intraoperative requirement for vasoactive drugs, occurrence of HES-related adverse events, and intraoperative fluid intake and output were recorded. Results:A total of 251 cases were actually enrolled in this study, with 125 cases in group A-HES, and 126 cases in group NS-HES.Compared with group NS-HES, no significant change was found in the maximum changing rate of MAP and HR and the maximum change in CVP ( P>0.05) in group A-HES, and non-inferiority analysis showed that group A-HES was not inferior to group NS-HES.Compared with group NS-HES, the concentrations of BE and HCO 3-, K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were significantly increased, the concentrations of Na + and Cl - were decreased, the PT was shortened, the incidence of abnormal PT was decreased at 15 min after the end of infusion ( P< 0.05), and no significant change was found in the other parameters mentioned above in group A-HES ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The volume expanding effect of A-HES and its effect on liver and kidney function are not significantly different from those of NS-HES, however, A-HES has certain advantages in maintaining acid-base balance, electrolyte stability and coagulation function.
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Insomnia is a common disorder in the elderly and seriously affects life quality of the elderly.This article reviews the efficacy and safety of pharmacological agents for the treatment of insomnia in the elderly, in order to provide a reference for clinical practice.
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Objective@#To explore the risk stratification of pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) in patients with emergency hypoxemia patients, and to provide evidence for the identification of critical illness.@*Methods@#Self-designed clinical data registration form for patients with emergency hypoxemia, and prospective collection of 344 hypoxemia patients in the emergency department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March to April in 2018, including baseline data (name, gender, age, ID number, date, registration time), hospitalization method, past history, patient complaint and diagnosis, triage level, SpO2, whether to enter the rescue room, etc.@*Results@#All of 344 emergency hypoxemia patients, there were 163 cases (21.2%) of ambulances, and 107 cases (31.1%) of patients requiring immediate rescue. There were 54 cases (25.7%) and 53 cases (39.6%) in need of immediate rescue in day shift (8:00-20:00) and night shift (20:00-8:00 next day), with 9:00-10:00, 14:00-15:00, 20:00-24:00 in the majority. There was a statistical difference in the way of hospitalization, triage, and SpO2 (χ2=29.537, 25.780, t=4.722, all P<0.05) . SpO2 risk stratification was 0.905 in patients without pulmonary disease, and SpO2 risk stratification in patients with lung disease was 0.765.@*Conclusions@#Patients with hypoxemia account for a certain proportion in the emergency department and are in critical condition. The degree of critical condition of patients can be evaluated based on whether they have lung diseases, and the risk stratification of patients can be accurately determined with the help of SpO2, so as to further guide the hierarchical treatment measures for patients with emergency hypoxemia and rationally optimize the allocation of emergency resources.
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Objective To explore the application and clinical significance of serratus anterior muscle flap transfer in correction of lateral part deformity of expander to implant breast reconstruction.Methods Six patients who received expander-to-implant breast reconstruction were enrolled.After silicone implant replacing the tissue expander,all 6 cases represented lateral part deformity of the reconstructed breast.The turn-over serratus anterior muscle flap was used as lateral coverage of the deformed breast.Results Of all patients (6 cases),breast aesthetics were improved with incisions well-healed.There were no complications such as capsular contracture,hematoma,infection or insicional dehiscence.Conclusions Serratus anterior muscle flap can provide sufficient lateral coverage for expander-to-implant breast reconstruction.It is safe,simple and cheap to apply in improving the aesthetics of breast reconstruction.
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Objective To explore the risk stratification of pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) in patients with emergency hypoxemia patients, and to provide evidence for the identification of critical illness. Methods Self-designed clinical data registration form for patients with emergency hypoxemia , and prospective collection of 344 hypoxemia patients in the emergency department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March to April in 2018, including baseline data (name, gender, age, ID number, date, registration time), hospitalization method, past history, patient complaint and diagnosis, triage level, SpO2, whether to enter the rescue room, etc. Results All of 344 emergency hypoxemia patients, there were 163 cases (21.2% ) of ambulances, and 107 cases (31.1% ) of patients requiring immediate rescue. There were 54 cases (25.7%) and 53 cases (39.6%) in need of immediate rescue in day shift (8:00-20:00) and night shift (20:00-8:00 next day), with 9:00-10:00, 14:00-15:00, 20:00-24:00 in the majority. There was a statistical difference in the way of hospitalization, triage, and SpO(2 25.780, t=4.722, all P<0.05). SpO2 risk stratification was 0.905 in patients without pulmonary disease, and SpO2 risk stratification in patients with lung disease was 0.765. Conclusions Patients with hypoxemia account for a certain proportion in the emergency department and are in critical condition. The degree of critical condition of patients can be evaluated based on whether they have lung diseases, and the risk stratification of patients can be accurately determined with the help of SpO2, so as to further guide the hierarchical treatment measures for patients with emergency hypoxemia and rationally optimize the χ2=29.537, allocation of emergency resources.
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of butyphthalide in the treatment of massive cerebral infarction
Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with massive cerebral infarction who were admitted to the hospital between January 2017 and December 2017 were selected and divided into a treatment group [n = 60] and a control group [n = 60] using random number table, 80 each group. Patients in the control group were given conventional cerebral infarction therapy, while patients in the treatment group were given butyphthalide injection besides the conventional treatment. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score, score of activity of daily living [ADL], lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 [LP-PLA2] and prognosis were recorded and compared between the two groups. The response rates of the two groups were recorded
Results: The total response rates of the control group and treatment group were 73.85% and 93.85% respectively at the postoperative 21st day, and the difference had statistical significance [P<0.05]. The NIHSS score of the two groups obviously decreased, and the ADL score significantly increased after treatment; the differences of NIHSS score and ADL score before and after treatment in the same group had statistical significance [P<0.05]. The improvement of the indexes of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group, and the differences between the two groups had statistical significance [P<0.05]. The level of LP-PLA2 of both groups significantly decreased at the postoperative 21st day, and the difference before and after treatment in the same group was statistically significant [P<0.05]; the treatment group had a significantly lower level of LP-PLA2 than the control group, and the difference had statistical significance [P<0.05]. The treatment group had significantly higher positive outcome rate and lower mortality rate than the control group at the postoperative 90th day, and the differences had statistical significance [P<0.05]. The incidence of adverse events of the treatment group and control group was 8.3% [5/60] and 5.0% [3/60] respectively, suggesting no significant difference [P>0.05]
Conclusion: Butyphthalide has a favourable effect in treating massive cerebral infarction. It can repair neurologic impairment, improve activity of daily living, and adjust the level of LP-PLA2, suggesting favourable application values
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Objective To investigate the biomechanical properties of human calcaneus by finite element method. Methods Through CT scanning, Mimics, Geomagic and other software, the finite element model of calcaneus was established. The stress distribution and displacement tendency of calcaneus under normal standing and external force were analyzed. Results Under normal standing, the calcaneal stress was uniformly distributed and small. Under external force, the entire calcaneus stress increased significantly, and the stress on calcaneocuboid articular surface also obviously increased. Conclusions The analysis of the stress and strain distribution on calcaneus in neutral position under different loading, and the investigation on biomechanical properties of calcaneus and mechanism of calcaneal fracture will provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of calcaneal fractures.
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Objective To analyze the effects on control rate and the outcome of pulmonary function in children with bronchial asthma (abbreviated asthma) who were received the two years standardized treatment and management,and to explore the sensitive parameters of control effects in children with asthma.Methods Using the retrospective analysis,asthmatic children were selected from January 2014 to January 2015 in Beijing Children's Hospital,allergy and asthma outpatient clinics.All the patients were received asthma control treatment and management according to GINA guidelines (2014 version).They were assessed on asthma control level at one year and two years follow up visits respectively and their pulmonary function were evaluated at the same time.According to response status to therapy and adjustment of step up and down,children were divided into two groups,the stable control group and the difficult to control group.The parameters of sex,age,asthma,combined with rhinitis,allergen sensitization and pulmonary function were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 149 patients were enrolled in this study.The treatment levels were 20.2％,67.1％ and 12.7％ respectively at grade 2,grade 3 and ≥ 4 grade.After Treatment management for one year and two years,the asthma control level were assessed as good control was 81.8％ and 83.2％ respectively (P ＜ 0.05) Each parameter of pulmonary function excepted FEV1/FVC at the one year visit point after treatment and management was significantly higher than that at enrollment (P ＜ 0.05).After two years of treatment and management,PEF％ pred and FEF25 ％ pred was higher than that at first follow up visit (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significantly different on the distribution of sex,age,course of asthma,allergic rhinitis,allergen sensitization and initial control treatment level between the stable control and the difficult to control groups.Asthma control stability status assessment and analysis at the one year follow up visits showed that PEF％ pred was significantly higher in the group of stable control than that in group of difficult to control (97.3 ± 14.3 vs 93.1 ± 15.1,P ＜ 0.05).Asthma control stability starus assessment and analysis at two years follow up visits showed that the positive rate of allergen sensitization was significantly lower in the group of stable control than that in group of difficult to control (P ＜ 0.05),while FEV1/FVC was significantly higher in the group of stable control than that in group of difficult to control (81.0 ± 9.47vs77.4 ± 8.95,P＜0.05).Conclusion School age children asthma control level were improved with longer time regular treatment and management as well as the pulmonary function improvement.Multiple allergenic sensitization and lower PEF％ pred value and FEV1/FVC are suggestive parameters for children with difficult to control asthma.
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Objective To investigate the stimulating effects of conjunctival sac implants following eye enucleation on orbital bone tissue in rabbits model.Methods Eighty 1-month-old New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group,only eyeball enucleation group,2-week interval group and 4-week interval group.The right eyeballs were enucleated in the rabbits in the only eyeball enucleation group,2-week interval group and 4-week interval group,and conjunctival sac implants were placed intraoperatively.Then a larger implant was replaced in a 2-week interval or 4-week interval in different groups,respectively.Spiral CT scan was used to evaluate the orbital bone development with aging.The peripheral blood of 3 ml was collected in the rabbits for the detection of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase using osteocalcin test kit (N-MID Osteocalcin) and alkaline phosphatase assay kit (NPP substrate-AMP buffer method),respectively.The animals were sacrificed at 3 months after operation for the histopathological examination of orbital bone tissue.Results The operation was successful in all the rabbits and no infection occurred after operation.The variance of orbital bone CT value was obvious in all the rabbits.The intercalated osteocalcin concentration was (48.55 ± 7.99),(59.80 ± 2.96),(57.94 ± 5.20) and (55.96 ± 3.22) μg/L and the alkaline phosphatase concentration was (284.66± 132.69),(232.96±54.39),(232.40± 118.23),(284.20± 130.41) μg/L in the normal control group,only eyeball enucleation group,2-week interval group and 4-week interval group,respectively,showing insignificant differences among the four groups (F =2.710,0.281,both at P ＞ 0.05).Similar pathological findings were in the 2-week interval group and 4-week interval group,such as no obvious orbital bone malformations,weak bone absorption and few bone osteoclasts under the optical microscope.Varying degrees of orbital deformities and bone tissue absorption were found in the only eyeball enucleation group.No orbital bone developing abnormality was seen in the normal control group and the left eyes in various groups under the optical microscope.Conclusions Compared with the only eyeball enucleated eyes,the orbital bone tissue has a well developed process in conjunctiva sac implant eyes following eyeball enucleation.Conjunctiva sac implant is an effective method to stimulate orbital growth and orbital volume increasing.
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Objective To investigate the construction of outpatient quality care services and the needs of patient for outpatient service,and to explore the relevance of the two projects.Methods A total of 152 cases of outpatient department registered nurse of Beijing Union Hospital and 281 cases of hospitalized patients on May,2017 were selected,and then developed the Content Questionnaire on Quality Nursing Work of Outpatient Nurse and the Questionnaire on Outpatient Needs Status to carry out investigation.Results This kind of hospital patients with college or university in 216 cases(76.9%,216/281),personal monthly income of 5.0-10.0 thousand accounted for 44.8%(126/281);outpatient nurses aged ≥46 in 83 cases(54.6%,83/152),the working time≥20 years in 120 cases(78.9%,120/152),college degree or above in 137 cases(90.1%,137/152),97 nurses(63.8%,97/152)in charge.The clinic nursing work relates to the rate of above 85%for disease treatment and consultation,health education,guidance service,self-service system services,on-site inspection,consulting room environment,and the cost of nurses working hours and the most frequent content for the on-site inspection and diagnosis of diseases,counseling,health education,medical order service.The order of patients' needs from high to low was disease and consultation,health education,guidance service,order service,on-site inspection,self-service system,registration service,waiting environment and consulting room environment.There was no correlation between the patient's needs and the rate of nursing,the length of work,and the frequency of work(P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the demand for health education on each department(F =3.047,P ＜0.05),education level,medical order service and on-site inspections have significant difference on demand(F=3.809,3.409,P＜0.05),family income,sources of patients were not statistically significant in the comparison(P＞0.05).The outpatient quality care services had lower improved demand(≤26%),and the first six item that needed to improve are disease and medical consultation,self-service system,treatment order service,waiting environment,health education,guidance services.Conclusions In view of the characteristics of outpatient medical staff and patients in large general hospitals,we will improve the quality of outpatient service and meet the needs of patient outpatient service,which will help to deepen the medical reform and improve the quality of medical service.
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Objective To study inhibition of litsea cubeba oil on biofilm initial formation stage of Candida albicans ,in order to provide new sight for prevention and treatment of refractory infections arising from Candida albicans biofilm .Methods Observe the inhibition effect of different concentrations litsea cubeba oil on yeast budding by serum germ tube experiments .Results 2 -5μL/mL litsea cubeba oil could thoroughly inhibit budding growth of Candida albicans ,but haven′t antiseptic effect ,the inhibition rate of 0 .25 μL/mL litsea cubeba oil on Candida albicans germ was 85 .0% .Conclusion 2-5μL/mL litsea cubeba oil could completely inhibit the budding growth of Candida albicans ,but have no antiseptic effect .0 .25 μL/mL litsea cubeba oil could hardly inhibit the growth of buds .
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Objective:To explore the optimal design for education and teaching mode of general medical students.Methods: 60 general medical students of 2013 grade of ChengduMedical College were divided into experiment group and 60 general medical students of 2013 grade of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College were divided into control group. The students of experiment group received the interactive teaching mode of whole teaching process, while students of control group received conventional theory teaching. And then the general medical curriculum assessment, examination results and teaching effects of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results: The understanding degrees of general medical basic theory, overview of community health services, general medical education of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). The series of indicators, such as health care which was human centered, family as a unit, community as basis and prevention as precursor, and the general medical service of health and fitness in women, children and old people, and physician patient relations and communication in general medicine, and the establishing ability of general medical treatment and health archive of chronic disease, of experiment group were significantly higher than that of control group. After a phase, the examination results of experiment group was significantly higher than that of control group (t=4.303,P<0.05), and the ratios of cultivating vocational interest, stabling vocation belief, establishing occupational planning of experiment group were significantly higher than that of control group (x2=12.83,x2=11.14,x2=9.35,P<0.05).Conclusion: In the teaching for general medical student, the interactive mode of tutor and student in whole teaching process was better than conventional mode of theory teaching.
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Organoselenium compounds are bioactive substances with extensive physiological activities .As a representa-tive compound ,ebselen could be used as mimics of glutathione peroxidase ,and in the treatment of many diseases ,such as car-diovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ,inflammation and noise-induced hearing loss .the research progress in physiological activities and synthetic methods of ebselen were reviewed in this paper .
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A method of complete acid hydrolysis combined with high performance anion exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection was developed for the monosaccharide composition analysis of arabinoxylan from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. The parameters including hydrolysis methods, acid types, acid concentration, hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time and placement time, which would affect the hydrolysis process, were optimized. The results showed that it would have a better hydrolysis effect for polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. with 2 mol/L H2 SO4 in an atmospheric oil bath at 120℃for 2 hours. However, the placement time for diluted solution of the hydrolyzed polysaccharide should be less than 6 hours. The polysaccharide was mainly composed of Arabinose (8. 89%) and Xylose (41. 52%) and Galacturonic acid (0. 73%). Glcuronic acid (3. 44%) was detected simultaneously, and there were also trace amounts of Galatose and Glucose. The results were reproducible. Other arabinoxylans from Panicummiliaceum L. shell, Avena sativa L. bran and Hordeum vulgare L. were taken for monosaccharide compositions analysis under the optimal hydrolysis conditions and the analysis results were good. This study would provide a good reference for monosaccharides composition analysis of arabinoxylans from various sources.